Out of all four grades of commercially pure titanium (grades 1-4), titanium grade 4 provides the most strength.
Tensile Strength and Yield Strength: Grade 5 has much higher strength due to aluminum and vanadium's addition in it than Grade 2, and therefore, finds the largest application advantages as high-strength low-weight material in almost every type of engineering field.
The strongest titanium alloy is generally considered to be Ti-6Al-4V (also known as Grade 5 titanium), which is an alpha-beta alloy consisting of 6% aluminium, 4% vanadium, with the remainder being titanium.
Titanium grades which are rarer – such as CP Grade 4 or CP Grade 7- may be more expensive. Grade 6AL – 4V (6-4, Grade 5) is an alloy where titanium has been bonded with Aluminum and Vanadium to produce higher strength. It is also more weldable and more easily fabricated. With that, typically, comes a higher price tag.
Commercially Pure Titanium is represented by four distinct grades, specifically grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 and grade 4. Pure titanium ranges from grade 1, which has the highest corrosion resistance, formability and lowest strength, to grade 4, which offers the highest strength and moderate formability.
Out of all four grades of commercially pure titanium (grades 1-4), titanium grade 4 provides the most strength.
Pure titanium (CpTi) is a soft nonmagnetic, hcp lattice (referred to as a phase) with a very high melting point (1680°C). It is commercially used in endosseous dental implants and restoration applications [40]. Commercially, pure titanium or titanium alloy materials are the common constituents of dental implants.
Titanium is significantly more affordable than gold, primarily due to its abundance and lower extraction costs. Gold, being rarer, commands a higher price influenced by market demand, purity, and international trends.
Titanium, however doesn't stand a chance against bullets fired from high-powered military grade firearms such as those used to penetrate tanks. Titanium can take single hits from high-caliber bullets, but it shatters and becomes penetrable with multiple hits from military-grade, armor piercing bullets.
Though Titanium is resistant, it is susceptible to pitting and crevice attacks at high temperatures and is not immune to seawater corrosion if temperatures rise above 230oF (110oC). Chemicals like chlorides chloride (FeCl3 and CuCl2) which usually pit most metals and their alloys, will inhibit corrosion on Titanium.
The choice between titanium and steel depends on the specific requirements of the application. Generally, high strength, low alloy steels have higher tensile and yield strength than titanium.
Tungsten
Tungsten, which is Swedish for "heavy stone," is the strongest metal in the world. It was identified as a new element in 1781. It is commonly used to make bullets and missiles, metal evaporation work, manufacturing of paints, creating electron and Television tubes, and making glass to metal seals.
One method is to scratch glass with each metal. Titanium won't create scratches, instead leaving a streak. Stainless steel will scratch it but won't leave a dark mark. Aluminium doesn't leave a trace.
Grade 7 Ti-0.15Pd alloy is highly resistant to corrosion in reducing acids and localized attack in hot halide media. The presence of palladium helps to enhance the alloy's corrosion resistance. This alloy is similar to grade 2, and possesses medium strength and ductility.
Titanium possesses the highest strength to density ratio of all metals, which makes it resistant to scratches, dents, and corrosion. This ensures that the titanium watch will remain in very good condition for years, even with regular use.
Ultra-High Hardness (UHH) armor steel is the best performing steel alloy for protection against armor piercing (AP) bullets. Thanks to a 578 to 655 HBW hardness, UHH steel panels are able to break AP projectiles' core and provide efficient protection with reduced weight compared to High Hard (500HB) material.
Of the two metals, tungsten is the strongest and it's more scratch-resistant. Tungsten carbide is 8.5 to 9 on the hardness scale, while titanium is 6. Tungsten can only be scratched by a metal or material that's an equal or higher rank — which would be diamonds.
Grade and Purity: Commercially pure titanium, often used in medical devices, may cost between $6 and $9 per pound, while more robust alloys like Titanium 6-4 cost $10 to $15 per pound due to their enhanced strength and resistance to corrosion.
Titanium's non-magnetic property means it is not affected by strong magnetic fields, making it suitable for use in materials for MRI scanners and bomb disposal robots. This has made titanium a highly valuable material in the fields of medicine, scientific research, and security.
Aluminum is a very superior material, and for 95% of applications it beats Titanium head to head.
Disadvantages of Titanium
It is not suited in high-temperature ranges, above 400 degrees Celsius, where it begins to lose its strength and nickel-based superalloys, are better equipped to handle the conditions. It is incredibly important to use the right cutting tools and speeds and feeds during machining.
In the realm of high-quality materials, titanium stands out for its exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight properties. However, not all titanium is created equal, with Japanese titanium often hailed as the pinnacle of quality.
Besides weight reduction, titanium and its alloys resolved thermo-elastic stress issues with spacecraft designs. As the titanium inserts are installed during the curing process of carbon fiber-resistant polymers, they are focused on thermo-elastic stresses.