For example, one of the most common stains, Hematoxylin, is a basic dye that stains proteins a blue color, while Eosin stains proteins a pink color. These two stains are commonly used together to define intracellular organelles and proteins.
Simple stain utilizes a single dye or stain, whereas differential staining technique utilizes two contrasting stains simultaneously.
The most commonly used negative staining reagents are uranyl acetate and uranyl formate. These stains have a relatively fine grain size (4 - 5 Å)9 and provide higher resolution images over other stains such as phospho-tungstates (8 - 9 Å grain size)9,11, ammonium molybdate11, and some lanthanide-based stains12.
Because cells typically have negatively charged cell walls, the positive chromophores in basic dyes tend to stick to the cell walls, making them positive stains. Thus, commonly used basic dyes such as basic fuchsin, crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, and safranin typically serve as positive stains.
Gram Stain. The Gram stain is the most common differential stain used in microbiology. Differential stains use more than one dye. The unique cellular components of the bacteria will determine how they will react to the different dyes.
A variety of staining techniques can be used with light microscopy, including Gram staining, acid-fast staining, capsule staining, endospore staining, and flagella staining.
Based on the staining method: There are four kinds of stain, viz. direct, indirect, differential and selective stains.
Three criteria for identifying and classifying the most commonly known types of stains are type of edge, feel and colour. All stains cannot be recognized by the appearance of the edge.
Simple staining can be of two types: simple positive staining and simple negative staining. In simple positive staining, basic dyes such as methylene blue or crystal violet are used. The basic dye gets attracted to the negatively charged genetic material of the microbial cytoplasm.
Simple staining involves directly staining the bacterial cell with a positively charged dye in order to see bacterial detail, in contrast to negative staining where the bacteria remain unstained against a dark background.
Laboratory staff and scientists use different mounting techniques, combined with dyes and microbiology stains to add contrast to specimens and make them easier to observe at a microscopic level and aid with identification. This is what is known as 'staining' in microbiology.
Other differential staining methods include the endospore stain (to identify endospore-forming bacteria), the acid-fast stain (to discriminate Mycobacterium species from other bacteria), a metachromatic stain to identify phosphate storage granules, and the capsule stain (to identify encapsulated bacteria).
What are the different types of fabric finishes? There are many different types of fabric finishes. Some of the most common types of fabric finishes include: functional finishes, performance finishes, chemical or wet finishes, and mechanical finishes.
called “simple or direct stains”. The basic stains possess a positive auxochrome that charges the stain's chromogen particles to bind with the specimen. The chromophore group of the stain imparts colour to the microscopic image. As the basic stain carries a positive charge, it is also called positive or cationic stain.
Overall, there is no one “best” wood stain for all projects. It really comes down to personal preference and the specific needs of the project. Oil-based stains provide a deep, rich color and long lasting protection while water-based stains don't have as many fumes.