A water-based treatment would be the preferable choice if you want to preserve the wood's natural colour. An oil-based finish can be the best option if you like a richer, deeper appearance. The upkeep and recoating of the finish are also crucial factors.
Water-based polyurethane has a tendency to interact more with the wood grain, which often necessitates the application of multiple coats to achieve a smooth finish.
Poly is nearly the default choice these days because most consumer-level varnishes are poly, including when it isn't specified on the labelling. And it is the toughest of the common varnishes (by quite a margin) anyway, making it the superior choice if durability and waterproofing are desired.
However, there are some downsides to consider. Oil-based polyurethane has a strong odor and takes longer to dry, while water-based polyurethane, though quicker to dry and less odorous, can be more expensive.
DURABILITY: If each product is applied properly using quality products, the difference in durability is indiscernible. A lot of clients think that water based poly is not as durable as an oil based poly, but a newer brand, quality water based poly will last just as long if it is well taken care of!
Water-based hardwood floor finish is a lot harder and more chemical resistant whereas oil-based hardwood floor finishes are softer and less chemical resistant. Waterborne technology offers both single component and 2 component options, 2 components being the most durable of the two.
Polyurethane varnish is a synthetic finish that protects against moisture, scratches, and general wear and tear. It's commonly used for furniture, cabinetry, and flooring. Pros: Highly durable.
While it is similar to varnish in terms of application and appearance, polyurethane is generally harder and more abuse resistant, which means it is commonly used for sealing wood floors. It's less flexible than varnish, so it may not be the best choice to use on wood pieces that move or flex.
Water-based polyurethane can be the best option for you if you want a finish that dries rapidly and has little odour or toxicity. Oil-based polyurethane can be the preferable choice if you require a finish that accentuates the inherent beauty of wood while providing enhanced durability and protection.
Oil varnish:
Hard resins such as amber, copal etc are used which makes this type of varnish most durable.
Never more than 3 coats. First coat should be thinned 50% with mineral spirits for good penetration then two full strength, sanding between coats. When applying wipe on varnishes, double the coats. Penetrating oil finishes are so low in viscosity use as many as you like.
If you already laid down a water-based finish and decided to go for an oil-based one, do not fret. With a little bit of extra time and preparation, you can apply the oil-based finish right over the water-based one.
Applying heat is one of the best ways to increase polyurethane drying times. For example, some individuals will use a hair-dryer, a space heater, or a heat lamp to turn up the heat on a polyurethane coat. Although these methods speed up dry time, they do not speed up curing time.
A roller is the recommended method for applying some water-based polyurethanes, as well as some oil-based polyurethanes and moisture-cured poly finishes. Rollers are good for finishing multi-direction floors, like parquets.
Disadvantages of Water-Based Varnish
It does not have a significant advantage over other varnishes when it comes to acid, humidity, water, or heat resistance. It gives off a dull appearance after application, and is difficult to remove once it has dried.
Minwax® Fast-Drying Polyurethane
It's one of the most durable coatings for wood protection against scratches, spills and more, and is a clear coat. It can be used on both finished and unfinished wood projects, and is available in a variety of sheens. The fast-drying formula allows for quick recoats in 3-4 hours.
For high-traffic areas or pet-friendly floors: Varnish is recommended due to its durability and easy maintenance. For a natural, rustic look with easy touch-ups: Oil is ideal, as it enhances the wood's grain and allows for spot repairs.
Polyurethane works better on wooden surfaces that are indoors. While varnish is durable and inexpensive, it's best suited for softer woods. Polyurethane dries quicker and requires fewer coats but won't hold up in the outdoors. You'll need to use personal protective equipment when applying both products.
Rust-oleum is the parent company of multiple brands, including Varathane.
Because polyester has a much higher solid content than polyurethane, polyester's surface is stronger making it less vulnerable to scratching and chemical cleaning.
Water-based floor varnishes require 3 or 4 coats, which means more time and cost. Oil-based varnishes only take two hours to apply. Water-based varnishes are not as shiny as glossy oils, but that depends on your personal taste.
A minimum of 3 coats of finish are recommended. Do not apply more than two coats the same day. Sand between coats with 120-150 grit sandpaper or maroon abrasive pad.
Bona Mega. A water based floor finish with an oxygen-crosslinking polyurethane formula.