What causes an electric water heater element to go bad?

Author: Deborah Kerluke  |  Last update: Sunday, September 7, 2025

A sudden voltage increase could overload a heating element of your water heater, burning it out. All elements of a water heater have voltage ratings. Voltages exceeding the rating of an element will burn it out.

Why do my water heater elements keep going bad?

Minerals in the Water

Minerals can also collect at the bottom of the tank, creating a layer of sediment. When this occurs, the element has to work harder to heat up the tank, putting more pressure on it. As a result, it often fails faster, resulting in the need for replacement.

How long do electric water heater elements last?

Your water heater's heating element should last at least as long as the water heater itself — about 10 to 15 years for an electric tank water heater and about 20 years for a tankless water heater. The only reason you would have to replace the heating element before the water heater is if there is a malfunction.

What causes an electric heating element to go bad?

The most common cause of an element failing is overheating. This causes the element wire to fracture. Another reason is movement. If the element is hot and is knocked violently, this can cause failure.

How do water heater elements fail?

Element Burnout: One of the most frequent issues is element burnout. This occurs when the element's resistance wire becomes too hot, causing it to fail. Burnout can result from sediment buildup on the element, age, or constant overuse. A burnt-out element typically requires replacement.

Electric Water Heater-Understand How It Works So You Can Troubleshoot Why It’s Not Working Correctly

How to tell if an electric hot water heater element is bad?

The most obvious sign you have a broken water heater element is that you aren't getting hot water through your faucets. Alternatively, you might only get hot water for a short period before it goes cold again. In either case, the problem is most likely a faulty water heater element.

How much does it cost to replace a heating element in a water heater?

Water heaters have a few different parts; based on data from HomeGuide, here are some average prices to replace common components: Dip Tube: $100 to $300. Heating Element: $100 to $350. Anode Rod: $150 to $350.

Why does my water heater element have power but not heating?

If the unit is powered with the correct voltage, and still does not produce any hot water, the upper heating element has probably burned out. A water heater must be completely full of water before electric power is applied or the upper heating element will burn out (this is called Dry Fire).

How do heating elements fail?

The resistance of the heating elements will be lower at room temperature than when hot. The resistance of the elements will increase with age, due to the reduction in cross section by oxidation, and also, due to elongation of the loops. This will result in decreased power to the furnace and ultimate failure.

How do you know if a heating element is burnt out?

How to tell if you have a bad furnace heating element: 5 Signs
  1. Unusual smells or signs of burning. ...
  2. Inconsistent or uneven heating in rooms. ...
  3. The heating unit takes longer to reach the desired temperature. ...
  4. Visible damage to the heating element or adjacent wall. ...
  5. Sudden increase in heating costs.

Is it worth replacing a water heater element?

Replacement May Be A Better Option

Most often the lower element is the problem because it's likely sitting in sediment that causes it to break or short out. It's also important to point out that if the element has failed you should take stock of the situation. The typical lifespan of a water heater is six to ten years.

Which water heater element burns out first?

The Plumbing Wizard

The upper thermostat puts power to the upper element first. If the upper is burned out, there will be no heat. The lower only comes on, only if the upper has been satisfied. So you can wind up with less hot water if only the upper is working.

Will a bad water heater element use more electricity?

The inefficiency of the Heating Element

Cracks and calcium deposits can affect the heating element's efficiency. A water heater with a compromised heating element is an energy vampire.

How long does it take to replace a hot water heater element?

It's time-consuming: Replacing a water heater element usually takes around 2–3 hours if you try and do it yourself. However, it usually only takes 1–2 hours for a professional. A professional has the right tools and skills to do the job.

Should I replace both water heater elements?

If your water heater is nearing the end of its life, consider replacing the element. It's usually most cost-effective to replace both elements at the same time, and doing so will still be worth it, as it's often around a tenth of the cost of installing a new water heater.

Do water heater elements get weak?

Water heater elements have a relatively short lifespan. Plus, they can be weakened by mineral deposits in your water supply.

Why does my water heater element keep going bad?

One of the most common reasons for a water heater element's premature failure is dry firing. This occurs when the element is turned on while not being submerged in water. Without water to absorb the heat, the element overheats rapidly, leading to failure.

What is the most common cause of water heater failure?

A: Common causes of water heater malfunctions include sediment buildup, faulty heating elements or thermostats, corroded anode rods, and excessive water pressure. Regular maintenance can help prevent many of these issues.

What causes heating element to go out?

Faulty Wiring: Problems with the wiring within your furnace can cause inadequate amounts of electrical power to your heating element, causing it to burn out in. Corrosion: Corrosion on a heating element is not a serious problem at first, but can later cause small cracks which cause burn out.

Why does my water heater element keep failing?

The most common cause is sediment buildup, especially in areas with hard water. Minerals collect around the element, causing it to overheat and eventually fail. Electrical issues, such as short circuits, can also damage the element.

Do both elements come on in an electric water heater?

Only one element will come on at any one time. This is known as a flip/flop system. On a 240 volt water heater, there will always be 120 volts to both elements. The thermostat will direct the second leg of the 120-volts to the element to complete the 240 volts required to energize the element.

How do I know if my water heater element or thermostat is bad?

Signs Your Water Heater Thermostat Is Faulty
  1. You have no hot water.
  2. You're running out of hot water quickly.
  3. The water is too hot.
  4. It takes a long time for your water heater to heat the water.
  5. You keep having to reset the high-temperature limit switch.

Why is water heater replacement so expensive?

This is because the process of installing a new water heater can be quite complex and often requires the use of special tools and equipment. Additionally, the cost of labor for this type of project can be quite high.

How do I know if my water heater needs a new element?

Touch each screw with one of the multimeter sensors. Place the other sensor against the metal base connected to the element, where it penetrates the water heater. If the sensor on the front of the multimeter moves, the element needs to be replaced. That's it.

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