Causes of leaf rot
Like most rots, moisture is a critical component. Allowing water to sit on your leafy greens is all it takes. Soggy soil contributes to the problem.
In order to distinguish between bacterial and fungal leaf diseases, one can put leaves in a moist chamber and check for fungal structures (little black dots in the lesions) after two to three days. Also, bacterial lesions will be 'water-soaked' or 'glassy' before they dry up, particularly if the environment is moist.
During the growing season, wind and splashing rain carry spores of the pathogen to susceptible plant tissue and spread the disease throughout the canopy.
Leaf spots can become serious, causing permanent injury or even plant death, on weakened or stressed plants. In such cases, chemical control is often necessary. There are several fungicides registered for use in control including thiophanate methyl, chlorothalonil, ferbam, and mancozeb.
Affected foliage should be removed at the first sign of a bacterial or fungal infection. Removing the whole infected leaf is necessary. Then the remainder of the plant can be treated to prevent further damage, using a copper fungicide.
Mix 1 tablespoon baking soda with 1 tablespoon vegetable oil and 1 teaspoon dish soap in 1 gallon of water. Mix 4 tablespoons baking soda with 2 tablespoons of Murphy's oil soap in 1 gallon of water. Mix 2 to 3 tablespoons vinegar with 1 gallon of water. Be sure to test this first because vinegar can burn plants.
Stunted slow growth with yellowing leaves is a symptom of over watering. Plants may suffer from leaf scorch or leaf burn. Water soaked spots and blisters (Oedema) may appear on stems and leaves. The crown of the plant may rot.
Once root rot is identified, you must determine if the plant can be saved. If the entire root system has already become mushy, it is too late to save the plant. However, if some healthy, white, firm roots exist, try to bring the plant back to good health by replanting in fresh soil with good drainage.
Neem as a Fungicide and Bactericide
If insects aren't your problem, neem also treats powdery mildew and other fungi, including blackspot, scab, rust, leaf spot, anthracnose, and tip blight. In the bacteria category, neem can take on fire blight and win.
Infested dried seeds that have been stored for 10 years can produce plants with bacterial spot symptoms. Therefore seeds constitute a good avenue for survival and spread of the pathogen. In soil alone, bacteria can survive from about two weeks to at least 18 months depending on soil type and location.
Leaf Spot Fungus On Grass
Symptoms appear as small dark purple to black spots on grass (leaf) blades. The spots will eventually get bigger with centers fading to tan, often with a yellow halo. The term “cigarette burn” is often used to describe the appearance of the spots.
When you see dead leaves, dormant stems, or brown parts of leaves, cut them away. It's fine to pluck dead leaves or stems with your hands when possible, just don't pull too hard, or you may damage the healthy part of your plant. For tougher stems or to remove brown leaf tips and edges, use scissors or pruning shears.
Baking Soda
As mentioned earlier, a baking soda solution works great as a leaf spot fungus treatment. All you have to do is mix a teaspoon of baking soda with a quart of water and spray it on the leaves of your plants. This homemade spray will help eliminate the fungal spores.
Signs of root rot are slow growth, mushy stems, and wilting, yellow, distorted leaves (especially when the plant has been well watered, as wilting leaves can also be a sign of a dry plant). Usually the soil will smell rotten and the roots will appear to be reddish brown.
Hydrogen peroxide can help to control fungal growth and fungal infection, such as root rot, by preventing the growth of fungi. It can also help kill fungus and bacteria on plant roots.
A good place to start is a mix of mild liquid soap and water, sprayed onto houseplants. One teaspoon of soap per litre of water will do the job. It sounds simple, but this formula will treat a lot of common houseplant pests. Add just a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda and it becomes a great fungicide as well.
When a plant is first becoming overwatered, leaves turn yellow. If soil doesn't have a chance to dry out before you water again, leaves start to wilt. When overwatering is the problem, wilted leaves are soft and limp. (If too little water is the issue, wilted leaves are dry and crispy.)
When plants have too little water, leaves turn brown and wilt. This also occurs when plants have too much water. The biggest difference between the two is that too little water will result in your plant's leaves feeling dry and crispy to the touch while too much water results in soft and limp leaves.
Apple cider vinegar as fungicide on plants- To make a fungicide out of this, take one tablespoon of vinegar and mix it with a gallon of water. Shake this well and add to a spray bottle. Vinegar mixture can treat most fungal infections on any plant, without causing any harm.
Vinegar is a proven method for destroying mold and eliminating pesky white spots from your plants. Mix two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar with a quart of water, and spray onto your infected leaves and stems.
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an antifungal agent and can even kill some established forms of fungus. Research has shown it's effective against some kinds of black spot and powdery mildew. 3 Best of all, baking soda is completely non-toxic for mammals, readily available in any grocery store, and inexpensive.