Although no turbine will ever be 100% efficient, it's said that they're between 20-50% efficient depending on the time of year. During peak wind times, you'll get an efficiency rating of around 50%.
The third question was to determine the maximum possible conversion efficiency of a wind turbine. This was determined to be 59.26%. This value was first introduced by German engineer Albert Betz in 1919 and is known as The Betz Limit. Practical turbines have efficiency factors more in the 40% range.
A machine cannot be 100 per cent efficient because the output of a machine is always less than the input. A certain amount of work done on a machine is lost to overcome friction and to lift some moving parts of the machine.
Energy losses in a typical conventional thermal power plant
Efficiency is always less than 100% because, as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics, some of the energy input is converted into low-quality “waste” heat.
If a wind turbine was 100% efficient, then all of the wind would have to stop completely upon contact with the turbine—which isn't possible by looking at a wind turbine (figure 1).
For a wind turbine to be 100% efficient, it would have to stop 100% of the available wind which is clearly not possible, as the rotor blades would have to rotate as one solid disk.
Examples of common causes of turbine efficiency loss are clogged inlet filters, dirty compressor blades, damaged compressor and turbine blading, excessive clearances between casings and moving compressor or turbine blades, and sub-optimal combustor tuning.
Absolute zero indicates the temperature at which the particles in a matter are essentially motionless, which is physically impossible. Thus, 100% efficiency is practically not possible in the Carnot engine as absolute zero temperature cannot be reached.
A machine cannot be 100% efficient because the Second Law of thermodynamics forbids it. The Second Law of thermodynamics states that a transformation whose only final result is to transform to work, heat extracted from a source which is at the same temperature throughout is impossible.
Electric Resistance Heating. Electric resistance heating is 100% energy efficient in the sense that all the incoming electric energy is converted to heat.
A machine cannot be 100% efficient because of the presence of friction between its moving parts, which leads to energy loss in the form of heat.
Although the maximum theoretical efficiency is 100% it can never actually be achieved due to friction which is always present to some extent resulting in some loss of mechanical energy as heat. If that were not the case you could build a perpetual motion machine.
As well, whenever electrical energy is transported through power lines, the energy into the power lines is always more than the energy that comes out at the other end. Energy losses are what prevent processes from ever being 100% efficient.
The theoretical maximum efficiency of a turbine is ~59%, known as the Betz Limit.
Betz's law shows that as air flows through a certain area, and as wind speed slows from losing energy to extraction from a turbine, the airflow must distribute to a wider area. As a result, geometry limits the maximum efficiency of any turbine.
Modern Francis turbines exhibit peak efficiencies between 80% and 95%; however, they can be further improved between 90% and 95% when the turbine is well designed [26]. These turbines are generally suitable for a medium head with moderate discharge.
It is impossible for heat engines to achieve 100% thermal efficiency () according to the Second law of thermodynamics. This is impossible because some waste heat is always produced produced in a heat engine, shown in Figure 1 by the term.
Final answer: A real machine can never achieve 100% efficiency due to irreversible processes, dissipative processes, and the laws of thermodynamics.
Heat Pumps Extract Heat
Heat pumps achieve over 100% efficiency because they extract heat from the outdoors. This means they produce more heat relative to their energy consumption.
Never. This would go against the laws of thermodynamics. The highest efficiency possible in a given situation is the Carnot Efficiency. The equation is Hot Temperature minus Cold Temperature over Hot Temperature.
No matter how good of an engineer you are, you can't invent a perfect engine. Why? It's because of an energy crisis that pervades our universe.
As absolute zero and infinite temperature cannot be achieved in practice, the efficiency of a heat engine cannot be 100%.
Environmental Concerns
Collisions with turbine blades are not uncommon and can result in fatalities among these animal populations. Additionally, the noise and vibrations generated by the turbines could potentially disrupt local ecosystems, affecting animal behavior and even leading to displacement.
The efficiency of aeroderivative gas turbines is lower compared to combustion engines and it degrades at part load. Gas turbines reduce power output by reducing the flow through the turbine, which also reduces the combustion temperature and thus the efficiency.
Only 24 inches long, the TRS 18 is still the smallest jet engine ever to power a manned aircraft. Those early mini-engines had a problem, though. Like all turbojets, they sucked up prodigious amounts of fuel.