A swale is best for managing surface water over large, open areas, and is ideal for settings where a natural look is preferred. A French drain is going to be better for subsurface water issues, particularly where groundwater is a problem or you need to protect foundations from water damage.
French Drains
The perforations in the pipe allow water to seep into the drain, and the gravel helps to filter out any debris. The soil on top helps to keep the gravel in place and also aids in the absorption of water. French drains are an effective way to reduce flooding and prevent water damage.
If you want a drainage system that is less visible or installed around the perimeter of your property, French drains are generally a better choice. However, if you have a high-traffic area where water needs to be quickly and efficiently redirected, channel drains may be the better option.
French drains use piping and gravel to carry water away from a home's foundation. Swale drains utilize natural landscaping rather than industrial materials. French drain installation costs more but has a long lifespan and needs less maintenance. Swales are typically less expensive and more DIY-friendly to install.
Trench drains are beneficial for controlling floor water earlier than they can saturate the floor. In contrast, French drains seize and ship groundwater and surface water from a unique area to a septic tank or fantastic drainage device. If you are concerned about water on the surface, a trench drain is possible.
French drain depth: About 8 inches to 2 feet deep should be sufficient for many water-diverting projects, though related systems, such as those built around foundations and sub-ground living spaces, as well as the bases of retaining walls, may be deeper.
Clay soil has poor permeability, meaning it doesn't allow water to pass through easily. In such cases, the effectiveness of a French drain may be limited as the water may struggle to drain away from the area efficiently. French drains may not be suitable for areas with high water tables.
Dry wells are another effective alternative to French drains, particularly for properties with poor drainage. A dry well is essentially an underground chamber that collects and temporarily stores runoff water, allowing it to seep into the surrounding soil gradually.
French drains are best suited for properties with moderate to severe water drainage issues, particularly in areas with heavy rain or poor soil drainage.
PVC pipes are the best option for most drainage projects due to their strength, durability, and corrosion resistance. They are also relatively inexpensive and easy to install. PVC pipes are strong enough to withstand the weight of soil and water and are not easily damaged by roots or debris.
Interior French drains are meant for waterproofing the basement or draining your crawl space. They cost more because contractors must tear out the basement floor (most often made of concrete), install the drain, and then repair it.
A French drain is a highly effective and versatile drainage system that offers a robust solution to managing excess water in your yard. The construction of a French drain involves a relatively simple yet effective process.
The average cost to install a yard drainage system is $4,617, but this project can range from as low as $800 for small-scale fixes to $15,000 for full-scale solutions. The average cost to install a drainage system in a yard is $4,617, though most homeowners spend between $2,120 and $7,114.
Dendritic drainage systems (from Greek δενδρίτης, dendrites, "of or like a tree") are not straight and are the most common form of the drainage system.
A French drain system is one of the most popular and effective methods for managing yard drainage. It consists of a trench filled with gravel or rock and a perforated pipe that redirects water away from your yard.
Point Drain or Linear Drain
Point drains are most common and are what we are used to seeing in showers. They are typically located in the middle of the shower floor, and the floor is sloped from all directions down to the drain.
Main drain line – hidden under your foundation slab or basement floor, the main drain line is connected to the municipal sewer line and carries all your home's wastewater to it. Pipe shut-off – your stop valve is usually close to your water meter and must prevent flooding or water damage.
Although French drains are low-maintenance, they are not entirely free of potential issues. Over time, the system can become clogged with silt, roots, or debris. When this happens, water may pool again in areas the drain was meant to protect. Regular inspections can help identify problems early before they escalate.
A French drain needs to be surrounded by gravel in order to filter out silt and prevent clogging the drain pipe.
The main difference between the two is that French drains capture and remove groundwater while trench drains quickly remove surface water before it can saturate the ground. Here's a closer look at each type of drain.
Distance from Foundation
A general rule of thumb is that a french drain should be installed around three feet away from the foundation of a home, but this can vary depending on individual landscaping factors such as where the water is pooling and where gutters are already aligned.
French drains (aka weeping tile, perimeter drains, agricultural drains, and rock drains) are an easy-to-install solution for your drainage problems. Clients pay an average price of $5,000 to have a French drain installed professionally, with most homeowners paying $1,650 – $12,250.
A properly designed French drain system does not require an outlet. The water will simply soak into the soil as it flows along the perforated pipe. In fact, a French drain doesn't require an inlet on just one end either. You can construct the drain to accept water along its length, and disperse it underground.