What is the problem with PTFE?

Author: Jarrell Wuckert  |  Last update: Monday, May 12, 2025

At normal cooking temperatures, PTFE-coated cookware releases various gases and chemicals that present mild to severe toxicity. Only few studies describe the toxicity of PTFE but without solid conclusions. The toxicity and fate of ingested PTFE coatings are also not understood.

What are the dangers of PTFE?

If you get the pan too hot, there is an overwhelming likelihood that the Teflon coating will start to flake apart. In that case you run the real risk of getting that substance into your food. The next concern is that while your pan will have a limited lifespan, PTFE is harmful for the environment.

Should I avoid PTFE?

Under normal use, PTFE's aren't thought to cause a health risk, but when heated to above 500 degrees F there are increased emissions and the resulting polymer fume fever. Polymer fume fever causes a range of reported symptoms including fever, chills, muscle tension and headache.

Is PTFE banned in Europe?

Not exactly, but it's definitely under the microscope. While Teflon itself isn't banned, the chemicals used in its production, like PFOA, have faced restrictions due to health concerns. The EU is working on broader regulations to limit PFAS, which includes Teflon's main component, PTFE.

What are the disadvantages of PTFE?

Limitations of PTFE:
  • Non-melt processable material.
  • Low tensile yield strength and modulus (when compared to PEEK, PPS and LCP)
  • High wear behaviour in unfilled state.
  • Not weldable.
  • Sensitivity to creep and abrasion.
  • Low radiation resistance.

The Truth About Nonstick Cookware: Teflon

What is the weakness of PTFE?

There are some disadvantages to PTFE which give the product some limitations. For example, when overheated, it can release mildly toxic fumes. In addition, its abrasion-resistance is not as good as a number of other coatings and so abrasion resistance isn't its primary advantage.

Is PTFE the same as Teflon?

Essentially, the only difference lies in the name. PTFE is the shortened name of the chemical polytetrafluoroethylene, and Teflon is the trade name of the same polymer. If you are looking for a highly flexible, non-stick material that is chemical, electrical and thermal resistant, look no further than PTFE.

Is PTFE being phased out?

There is little doubt that PTFE coatings that are made using PFAS substances will eventually be eliminated, but it is imperative that the industry continues to educate and advocate for a cautious, gradual approach.

Is PTFE worse than PFOA?

Today, most non-stick cookware is made without PFOA. While both synthetic chemicals are classified as PFAS and share a number of properties, PTFE is broadly considered safe to use. PFOA, on the other hand, has been declared carcinogenic to humans by the World Health Organisation.

What is a substitute for PTFE?

In many applications surface additives based on poly methyl urea can be an interesting alternative to expensive products containing PTFE. Due to its high hardness and comparatively low COF, PMU can completely or partially replace PTFE based additives.

Does all PTFE contain PFAS?

PTFE's unique chemical structure distinguishes it from typical PFAS compounds. However, it's important to note that PTFE can contain trace amounts of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) as impurities resulting from manufacturing.

Should I throw out my Teflon pans?

In general, you want to replace nonstick pans after five years.

What is the safest cookware for your health?

ceramic is among the safest material for pans

From dishes, to glasses, bakeware and cookware, ceramic bakeware is our pick for the best cookware material for health thanks to its non-reactive nature and resistance to high temperatures and acidic foods. Plus it's so pretty!

What are the side effects of PTFE?

What are the health concerns with Teflon?
  • Increased cholesterol.
  • Low-birth weights in infants.
  • Decreased vaccine responses.
  • High blood pressure.
  • Higher risk of certain cancers.

Is Hexclad PTFE free?

HexClad's patented design brings together the best of premium cookware, so you can cook without limits. Protected between the steel hexagon peaks are nonstick valleys containing our high-grade proprietary ceramic nonstick called TerraBond™ which is PTFE-free and free from forever chemicals.

Is PTFE safe in air fryers?

Non-Stick Coatings in Air Fryers

When overheated (above 260°C), PTFE can break down and release fumes that are potentially harmful to humans and pets. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), previously used in some non-stick coatings, has been largely phased out due to similar health concerns.

Is PTFE a carcinogen?

The International Agency for Research on Cancer reviewed the research on PTFE, and determined the current data was inconclusive with regard to PTFE's potential to cause cancer. However, a wide-ranging literature has linked PFOA, which can be a contaminant of PTFE-containing consumer products, to health effects.

Why do we no longer recommend GreenPan?

Then, we removed GreenPan entirely from our list of non-toxic cookware. There were two primary reasons: Competing brands began providing independent laboratory testing to prove their products are non-toxic. We became aware of lawsuits against GreenPan that cast doubt on the company's marketing claims.

Which cookware does not contain PTFE?

If you've decided to swear off PTFE-coated nonstick cookware, there are some good alternatives, including a number of ceramic, cast-iron, carbon steel, and stainless steel pans that perform well in our tests. Below are some of the top performers from all these categories.

Should I worry about PTFE?

He says PTFE-coated non-stick pans are safe to use but shouldn't generally be used to cook food at very high temperatures. When these pans are heated above 260 degrees Celsius, their PTFE coating can begin to deteriorate.

What are the problems with PTFE?

At normal cooking temperatures, PTFE-coated cookware releases various gases and chemicals that present mild to severe toxicity. Only few studies describe the toxicity of PTFE but without solid conclusions. The toxicity and fate of ingested PTFE coatings are also not understood.

Why is Teflon not called PTFE?

That's right, Teflon is PTFE but by another name. Teflon is the trademarked brand name for PTFE owned by Chemours, and just as we call our vacuums Hoovers and sticky tape Sellotape, so we've come to know PTFE by the name it was given.

Is PTFE a PFAS?

PTFE, or polytetrafluoroethylene (promise you don't need to remember that), belongs to a subgroup of PFAS called fluorinated polymers, and PTFE is by far the most popular one in the group; it makes up approximately half the market.

Is there an air fryer without Teflon?

Fritaire: A Safer, Non-Toxic Air Fryer Alternative

If you're looking for a safer option, Fritaire's air fryers offer a non-toxic solution that is free from Teflon, PFOA, and PTFE.

What is another name for PTFE?

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a fluoropolymer and is commonly known by its trade name, Teflon®. Unique properties of PTFE include nonreactivity, hydrophobicity, a low coefficient of friction, and good insulating properties. It is most commonly used as a nonstick coating for cookware.

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