A: The most specific standard test for
To measure chemicals that pass through the body more quickly -- such as the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos -- scientists take urine samples. Such chemicals may be carried in the body for a matter of hours or days following exposure, making the timing of biomonitoring critical.
Marker (Bifenthrin 10% EC) is a world-renowned, new generation, the broad-spectrum insecticide of Pyrethroid group.
Symptoms of mild poisoning include fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, excessive sweating and salivation, nausea and vomiting, and stomach cramps or diarrhea. Symptoms of moderate poisoning include inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort, muscle twitches, and constriction of the pupil of the eye.
Elevation in the blood lactate level is a sensitive marker for cyanide toxicity. A plasma lactate concentration of greater than 10 mmol/L in smoke inhalation or greater than 6 mmol/L after reported or strongly suspected pure cyanide poisoning suggests significant cyanide exposure.
Can I get a medical test to check for cyanide? Levels of cyanide or its breakdown product (thiocyanate) can be measured in the blood or urine. With inhalation exposure, exhaled levels of hydrogen cyanide may be measured. Your doctor can take samples but must send them to a laboratory to be tested.
Signal words are found on pesticide product labels, and they describe the acute (short-term) toxicity of the formulated pesticide product. The signal word can be either: DANGER, WARNING or CAUTION. Products with the DANGER signal word are the most toxic. Products with the signal word CAUTION are lower in toxicity.
Need to Know
Chemical damage (also referred to as phytotoxicity) has a wide range of symptoms depending on the chemical it was exposed to including spots, blotches, speckling, browning, yellowing, tip burn, leaf cupping or twisting, stunting, and/or plant death.
They are known for their high toxicity, slow degradation and bioaccumulation. Examples include dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT), methoxychlor, chlordane, and lindane. Human exposure may occur via inhalation, ingestion or through skin contamination.
Pesticide labels contain detailed information on how to use the product correctly and legally. Labels also contain information on potential hazards associated with the product and instructions you should follow in the event of a poisoning or spill.
What is SNIPER? SNIPER is a highly effective insecticide/miticide that controls over 30 foliar and soil borne pests. SNIPER gives growers the flexibility and residual activity needed to combat insects in conventional or biotech systems. SNIPER is a Restricted Use Pesticide.
Depending on the particular pesticide, chlorine bleach, caustic soda (lye, sodium hydroxide) or lime can be used to decontaminate most spills. Many pesticides, especially organophosphate pesticides, decompose when treated with lye or lime. Fewer pesticides are decomposed by bleach (sodium hypochlorite).
With chronic toxicity, gastrointestinal symptoms are common. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are generally seen. The toxidrome known as cinchonism can occur in chronic toxicity.
Urine and blood tests may be able to detect pesticide residues or metabolites to confirm acute exposures.
If an insecticide is deliberately sprayed on an edible crop or plant, and the product is not labeled for such use, the plant would not be con- sidered safe by EPA standards. The implication is that the whole plant, or at least the edible parts, should be thrown away.
If the exposure has not been severe, the plant can most often recover and continue to fruit, albeit on a delayed schedule.
Classification of insecticide
Based on toxicity, it is classified into four types: Extremely toxic – Colour: red, symbol: skull and poison, oral LD50: 1-50. Moderately toxic – Colour: blue, symbol: danger, oral LD50: 501 – 5000. Highly toxic – Colour: yellow, symbol: poison, oral LD50: 51 – 500.
EPA recommends using rats for subchronic, chronic, carcinogenicity, and reproduction studies; mice for carcinogenicity studies; and dogs for subchronic and chronic studies. Rats are routinely used for acute oral and inhalation studies and rabbits for eye and skin irritation studies and acute dermal studies.
The acute toxicity of a chemical refers to its ability to do systemic damage as a result of a one-time exposure to relatively large amounts of the chemical. A pesticide with a high acute toxicity may be deadly if even a very small amount is absorbed.
Tests and techniques, including chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods, are detailed for blood, urine, and tissue analysis. Blood and urine tests described include those for salicylate, paracetamol, ethanol, and carbon monoxide, as well as immunological tests.
Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting. This phase may then be followed by seizures, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest. Onset of symptoms usually occurs within a few minutes.
Cyanide poisoning results from exposure to various forms of cyanide, present in some types of smoke, industrial fumes, drugs, foods, and more. Symptoms include vomiting, headache, dizziness, and confusion. It can be fatal and needs urgent medical attention.