Needless to say, we are advocates and active users of true penetrating oil stains. These are best applied one coat at a time to keep the wood hydrated and lubricated inside, preventing premature rot keeping it saturated with protective oils without ever peeling.
If the stain looks evenly coated and you like the look, one coat staining is adequate. If the stain is too light or uneven, a second coat of stain may be needed before the topcoat is applied. Apply using a foam brush, bristle brush, paint pad applicator, or a lint-free cloth such as an old T-shirt.
The oil stains take more work & time than the water stains, but they are not as durable as water-based stains. Also, oil-based stains are more prone to algae, mildew, and mould problems. They require more maintenance in the long term.
For decks and patios that measure up to 175 square feet, you will only need one gallon of stain, in any transparency. If your deck or patio measures up to 550 square feet, you will need to buy 2 gallons of stain.
With oil-based topcoats, the more coats you apply, the darker and richer the wood will become. With water-based topcoats, sand any "grain-raise" smooth before applying the final coat. Note: Sanding between coats is not necessary, but it will provide a better finish.
Wipe the stain off immediately if you'd like a lighter tone. But for a deeper tone, leave the stain on the wood for 5 to 10 minutes before wiping it off. Be sure to wipe off all the excess stain going in the direction of the grain of the wood.
Most oil-based stains must dry for at least 12 hours before they are exposed to any moisture/rain; however, Ready Seal, if properly applied to prepped and dried wood, can get wet within a couple of hours, and it won't wash away. Oil-based stains will generally take 24-72 hours to fully cure.
Each stain has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Generally speaking, water based stains last longer than oil based stains. Evaluate your expectations and your commitment to stain application and upkeep before you make your decision.
Never allow any stain to dry on the wood surface—it will prevent the clear finish from adhering and cause other issues. Remove the last of any unabsorbed stain with a dry cloth, wiping in the direction of the wood grain.
Two Coats Recommended: Most manufacturers suggest applying two coats for optimal protection and appearance. Drying Time Matters: Wait at least 4 hours between coats and 24 hours before using the deck. Avoid Over-Application: Too much stain can lead to poor adhesion, peeling, and uneven color.
With staining, you'll know if you've over-applied your deck stain because there will be sticky patches or puddles that just aren't drying—the wood has absorbed all it can, so the remaining stain has nowhere to go.
Stain left on a little longer the second time — stain will give a darker result the longer it is left on the surface (within limits) so when two surfaces have to match it's important to apply the stain in exactly the same manner.
Apply oil-based stains with a paintbrush or clean rag. Apply water-based stains with a foam brush or synthetic bristle brush. For deep grain woods, work the stain into the grain by working in a circular motion. Otherwise, apply the stain evenly in the direction of the wood grain.
Do You Have to Sand Before Staining Wood? Wood needs to be sanded well before it can be stained. The process opens up the wood's pores to better absorb the stain. It also smoothes away scratches in the surface which will only be enhanced by stain.
If you are applying a second coat of stain on top of an existing coat, let the first coat dry for 24 hours before applying the second coat. To prep the wood for staining, simply wipe it down gently with a clean, damp cloth to remove any dust, hair, or debris and start with a nice, clean surface for staining.
Longer Drying Time
One of the most significant drawbacks of oil-based stains is their extended drying time. Unlike acrylic stains that can dry within an hour, oil stains can take anywhere from 12 to 24 hours to dry completely.
QUESTION: Can oil and water based products be used over each other? ANSWER: Yes! but the underlying finish has to be absolutely dry.
Yes, sealing wood after staining is crucial to protect the finish from moisture, dirt, and wear. Choose a compatible sealant like polyurethane, varnish, or lacquer based on the project's use and desired sheen. Apply multiple thin coats, sanding lightly between coats for a smooth finish.
If you sand in between coats of stain, you risk breaking the color and damaging the stain. Instead, you should sand the raw wood before applying a stain. Take a look at our recommended best practices for sanding to ensure that your wood piece is ready for staining.
You'll need 1 to 2 coats for oil based decks stain and 2 to 3 coats for water based deck stain.
Applying a second coat too soon can result in uneven coverage and poor adhesion.
Oil-based stain has been around longer than the water-based option. This will take longer to dry. It's best to wait up to 72 hours before resuming your deck activities. Oil-based products generally last longer than acrylic or water-based stain.
There are two ways to tell if it is an oil-based product is dry. If it is no longer tacky and it doesn't smell, it is dry. You can tell if a water-based product is dry by touching it. If its cool to the touch, it's not dry.