Is it OK to drill holes in studs for wiring?

Author: Sedrick Hudson  |  Last update: Wednesday, February 18, 2026

The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that holes must be at least 1 1/4 inches from the edge of the stud. This requirement leaves about 1 inch of space in the center of a standard 2×4 stud. To avoid drilling too close to the edge: Use a 3/4-inch spade bit for 2×4 studs.

What is the electrical code for holes in studs?

IRC R602.

Any stud shall be permitted to be bored or drilled, provided that the diameter of the resulting hole is not more than 60 percent of the stud depth width, the edge of the hole is not more less than 5/8 inch (16 mm) to from the edge of the stud, and the hole is not located in the same section as a cut or notch.

Is it bad to drill into a stud?

Yes, it is safe to drill into a wall stud as long as you use the appropriate tools and techniques. Wall studs provide solid support for attaching heavy items like shelves or cabinets. Use a stud finder to locate the center of the stud and drill with a suitable drill bit for wood or metal depending on the stud type.

How to cut holes in studs for wiring?

Rent a right-angle drill and use Selfeed or hole saw bits for boring large holes. The right angle drill allows you to drill holes square to the stud face. Holes drilled at an angle will wind up oval and therefore larger. Keep the holes centered on the studs and a consistent height off the floor.

How many holes are allowed in a stud?

Multiple holes (except 2 side-by-side holes only) must be drilled in the centerline of the stud. Side-by-side holes require steel plates on both faces. Holes should not be bigger than 40% of the stud width (max 1 3/8"). Notches should not be bigger than 25% of the stud width (max 7/8").

Drilling Into Studs for Electrical Wiring | Tool Lab | Ask This Old House

What is the best drill bit for drilling studs for wiring?

Spade Drill Bit

This type of drill bit works well for drilling holes in wall studs for framing, electrical, plumbing and fine woodworking projects. A spade drill bit bores holes with a large diameter.

How big of a hole can I drill in a 2x4 stud?

BORED HOLES Maximum size hole = 60% of stud width: 2" x 4" = max. 2- 1/8" diameter hole.

Can you rewire a house without removing drywall?

Yes, it's possible for an electrician to rewire a house without removing significant portions of drywall. Advanced methods such as “fishing” wires through existing walls and ceilings, utilizing access points like outlets and light fixtures, allow electricians to update wiring while preserving drywall integrity.

How to avoid wires when drilling into studs?

Investing in professional equipment, such as a cable avoidance tool, is the safest option to avoid wires. However, if you don't have access to this, most wiring runs horizontally 6 inches or 12 inches above the receptacle, so avoid these areas. If it is possible, only drill shallow holes.

Where to drill holes for electrical wiring?

Drill holes 6 to 8 in. above or below all switch and receptacle boxes. Do not run No. 14-, 12-, or 10-gauge cable across joists or along the bottom edge of joists.

Where not to drill in a wall?

Holes should not be drilled directly above, below, or to the side of any electrical switches or outlets. Per the 2018 International Residential Code, electrical wires should be set back no less than 1-1/4 inches from the edge of the framing lumber.

What happens if you drill into electrical wire?

Not only do the lights go out, but you usually blow a fuse as well. With a bit of luck, you might only have to repair the cable sheath. But if you damaged or severed a wire, just using a terminal strip, insulation tape and some silicone sealant are not recommended – you need some professional kit!

Does drilling holes in studs weaken them?

Does drilling holes weaken studs? Drilling small holes in studs for screws typically does not weaken them significantly. However, avoid drilling large or multiple holes in the same area, as this can compromise the structural integrity of the stud.

What is the general rule for studs?

They are usually placed 16 inches apart on all walls. It can vary in older homes, but rarely would you find studs more than 24 inches apart. Windows and doors are also framed by studs for support. Above wide windows and doors, you might even find a wide header board.

Do you drill holes in studs?

Drilling into a stud is a necessary skill for any DIY enthusiast or homeowner. Drilling into a stud guarantees a strong and durable attachment, whether you're hanging a large mirror, installing a bookcase, or mounting a television.

How much does it cost to rewire a 1500 sq ft house?

For a 3-bedroom, 1,500 square foot home, the average cost to rewire can range from $10 to $20 per square foot. This means a full rewiring project could cost between $15,000 and $30,000. Smaller homes, such as a 2-bedroom bungalow, will naturally be on the lower end of this spectrum.

What is the alternative to rewiring a house?

As long as you use a fully qualified, registered electrician, surface mounted wiring is a safe alternative to a traditional rewire and if not opposed to the look, should be strongly considered especially if you're looking to rewire on a budget.

Is Romex wiring good?

In conclusion, Romex wiring is a widely used electrical wiring type that offers various benefits, including cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, safety, and versatility.

What is the maximum spacing for 2x4 studs?

Utility-grade studs shall not be spaced more than 16 inches on center or support more than a roof and ceiling, or exceed 8 feet in height for exterior walls and load-bearing walls or 10 feet for interior nonload-bearing walls.

Can I notch a stud?

Notching. Any stud in an exterior wall or bearing partition shall be permitted to be cut or notched to a depth not exceeding 25 percent of its width. Studs in nonbearing partitions shall be permitted to be notched to a depth not to exceed 40 percent of a single stud width.

Can you drill through studs for electrical?

Proper Techniques for Drilling into Studs

The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that holes must be at least 1 1/4 inches from the edge of the stud. This requirement leaves about 1 inch of space in the center of a standard 2×4 stud. To avoid drilling too close to the edge: Use a 3/4-inch spade bit for 2×4 studs.

How high should wires run through a wall?

You first need to trace the electrical wires in your wall with a magnetic or electrical stud finder (wires will be running through drilled holes in the wall's studs.) The standard height to run electrical wire in walls is typically 16 to 18 inches above the floor and in line with the wall's outlets, so start there.

How big of hole for romex?

The standard hole size is 3/4". That gives you 1 3/8" spacing (assuming you're dead center) so your wire is safe from nicks from drywall fasteners and such, adequate room for pulling a few cables (including 12/2 or 12/3, it's not all 14/2), and keeps you well under the 1/3rd ratio for allowable material removal.

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