Bacterial leaf spot symptoms typically have a more angular appearance than fungal leaf spot, with the spots bounded between the veins. Fungal leaf spots will cross veins. This is because the bacteria is inside the plant and cannot cross vein easily. Fungal leaf spots grow on the surface and cross veins easily.
Leaf wilting is a typical symptom of verticilium wilt, caused by the fungal plant pathogens Verticillium albo-atrum and V. dahliae. Common bacterial blight symptoms include brown, necrotic lesions surrounded by a bright yellow halo at the leaf margin or interior of the leaf on bean plants.
In broad terms, bacterial infections often cause acute inflammation, pus or swelling, while fungal infections develop slowly and cause symptoms like a persistent cough, itchy rash or thickened skin.
An early symptom of bacterial leaf spot is small (less than 0.25 inch in diameter), water-soaked leaf spots on the older leaves of the plant. These lesions are typically bordered by leaf veins and angular in shape. Lesions quickly turn black (a diagnostic characteristic of this disease).
Leaf spots (also called leaf lesions) are discrete, diseased sections of leaves that initially may be dull green or yellow in color, but later turn brown, black, or display another abnormal color. Leaf spot shapes also vary greatly, but usually are oval, oblong, or round. Leaf petioles can also develop such spots.
Bacterial leaf spot symptoms typically have a more angular appearance than fungal leaf spot, with the spots bounded between the veins. Fungal leaf spots will cross veins. This is because the bacteria is inside the plant and cannot cross vein easily. Fungal leaf spots grow on the surface and cross veins easily.
If infected plants are found while scouting, apply bactericides (copper fungicides are toxic to bacteria) on a 7 to 10 day schedule; use the shorter interval when rain, high humidity and warm temperatures occur.
Leaf spot cannot be "cured," according to Joel Burnsed, an agricultural and natural resources agent and county extension coordinator with the University of Georgia. However, when it comes to fungal infections, "fungicides can be applied to prevent further spreading."
In soil alone, bacteria can survive from about two weeks to at least 18 months depending on soil type and location. On dried pepper leaves, bacteria can persist for at least four months, and disease can originate from infested leaves left on soil surface or buried in soil.
Bacterial infections, such as impetigo, frequently develop from skin fractures and cause symptoms such as redness, warmth, and pus. Fungal infections, such as athlete's feet, grow in damp environments and are characterised by itching, scaling, and a unique look.
A fungal skin infection often looks bright red and can spread across a large area. A fungal skin rash may also have characteristics including: Color more intense at the border. Scale more intense at the border.
Since most leaf-spotting fungi infect in spring as leaves are unfolding, the first fungicide spray is applied at budbreak. Two or three additional sprays are subsequently applied at 7- to 14-day intervals. Additional applications may also be necessary in unusually wet springs.
Prevent Fungal Disease
MAKE IT: Mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda and 2-3 drops of liquid soap in 1 liter of water. Spray the solution on the infected plants. Baking soda helps the plants become less acidic and prevents fungal growth.
In order to distinguish between bacterial and fungal leaf diseases, one can put leaves in a moist chamber and check for fungal structures (little black dots in the lesions) after two to three days. Also, bacterial lesions will be 'water-soaked' or 'glassy' before they dry up, particularly if the environment is moist.
Neem Oil: Neem oil is a natural fungicide that effectively controls leaf spot. Spray the affected leaves thoroughly, ensuring good coverage.
The leaves exhibit small circular or irregular, dark brown or black greasy spots. As the spots enlarge in size, the centre becomes lighter Surrounded by a dark band of tissue. The spot coalesce to form irregular lesions. Severely affected leaves become chlorotic and fall off.
Bacterial leaf spot can devastate a pepper crop by early defoliation of infected leaves and disfiguring fruit. In severe cases, plants may die as it is extremely difficult to find a cure once the disease takes hold. However, there are several options for growers to prevent it from occurring and spreading.
It is best to not eat fruit with bacterial spot.
Products containing iprodione, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, or penthiopyrad typically provide good control of leaf spot diseases.
Spots can come in a variety of sizes, colors, and even shapes…all depending upon the plant species and also the type of fungus causing the problem. But most often, spots are brown, black, yellow, or reddish. Sometimes, multiple spots can grow together and start to look like larger blobs or blotches on the plant.
Antifungal medicines are used to treat fungal infections, which most commonly affect your skin, hair and nails. You can get some antifungal medicines from a pharmacy without needing a GP prescription.
Ketoconazole will kill the fungus and prevent it from growing back. Alternatively, common shampoos, like Head and Shoulders, contain selenium sulfide, another antifungal agent. Do a bit of shopping and find an over-the-counter shampoo that works for you.