Chlorination, ozone, ultraviolet light, and chloramines are primary methods for disinfection. However, potassium permanganate, photocatalytic disinfection, nanofiltration, and chlorine dioxide can also be used.
Methods used in sterilization procedures include heat, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas, plasma, ozone, and radiation. Sterility Assurance Level - the probability of a microorganism surviving on an item subjected to treatment is less than one in one million.
To disinfect, use an EPA-registered disinfecting product or a stronger bleach solution. Clean the surface with soap and water first. Always read the label of disinfecting products to make sure the products can be used on the type of surface you are disinfecting (such as a hard or soft surface).
A mix of bleach and water or a bleach-based cleaner are your best bets. Also good are hydrogen peroxide and wipes made with a different type of alcohol called ethyl alcohol.
Apply a thin layer of bacitracin antibiotic ointment or white petroleum to the wound. Cover with a bandage. Clean area twice daily with soap and water, and apply a new bandage and ointment after cleaning. There is no need to use hydrogen peroxide or alcohol for cleaning.
Some common disinfectants are bleach and alcohol solutions. You usually need to leave the disinfectant on the surfaces and objects for a certain period of time to kill the germs. Disinfecting does not necessarily clean dirty surfaces or remove germs.
There are three methods of using heat to sanitize surfaces – steam, hot water, and hot air. Hot water is the most common method used in restaurants.
Thermal disinfection is suitable for heat-resistant materials, such as cloths, linen, crockery and bedpans. Chemical disinfection is suitable for non-living, non-heat-resistant objects and materials, such as surfaces and medical instruments.
Contaminated surfaces (tabletops, floors), may be disinfected with either bleach (undiluted, or up to 1:10 dilution) or 1N sodium hydroxide at room temperature for 15 minutes or less. Contaminated skin surfaces are washed with 1.0N NaOH or 10% bleach for 2-3 minutes, followed by rinsing with copious amounts of water.
Water disinfection methods that can be applied in the field include use of heat, clarification, filtration, chemical disinfection, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Several of these methods are scalable, and some can be improvised from local resources, allowing adaptation to disaster relief and refugee situations.
1. heat-There are three methods of using heat to sanitize surfaces-steam,hot water,and hot air. 2. Chemicals-Chemicals that are approved sanitizers are chlorine,iodine,and quaternary ammonium. Concentaration--the presence of too little sanitizer will result inadequate reduction of harmful microorganisms.
She says that in any space, there are only five things: trash, dishes, laundry, things that have a place, and things that don't have a place. You're going to tackle them in that order.
Although there are a huge variety of cleaning products available, they all eventually fall into one of four main categories: abrasives, acids, degreasers and detergents. In the end, each has a unique goal to complete, therefore it's important to make sure you're employing the right agent for the work at hand.
The absence of all germs is referred to as sterilization and is a process that surpasses the efficacy level achieved with any disinfectant solution. EPA-registered chemical sterilants are the only types of sanitation products that can make a claim to kill all pathogens on hard surfaces.
CHLORINE.
Chlorine is the universal disinfectant, active against all microorganisms. It is generally served in the form of sodium hypochlorite, with different concentrations of free chlorine. As a general disinfectant for all types of laboratory work, a concentration of 1 g/l (1000 ppm) of free chlorine is used.
Effective disinfection: Chlorination is a widely used and proven method for killing or inactivating a broad range of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms present in water, making it an effective means of water disinfection.
Physical disinfection methods includes drying or desiccation, the application of heat (or thermal inactivation), or the use of irradiation methods (most commonly ultraviolet light).
Steam sterilization (aka autoclaving) can be characterized as an effective, fast, safe, and affordable option for sterilization. An autoclave, which is a large steel chamber circulating steam, destroys microorganisms and bacterial spores via high temperatures and pressure.