As for economics, seed propagation is almost always less expensive than vegetative propagation, which involves more hand labor and often requires special equipment and structures.
Stem Cuttings:
This technique is probably the most versatile of all methods used for vegetative propagation. It can be used for both herbaceous and woody material. Herbaceous stem cuttings can be made from houseplants, annual flowers and bedding plants, ground covers, and some perennials.
Propagating by saving and sowing seed
Growing plants from seed is one of the cheapest and most effective ways of propagating plants.
Sexual propagation is the reproduction of plants by seeds. The genetic material of two parents is combined by pollination and fertilization to create offspring that are different from each parent. There are several advantages of sexual propagation: It may be quicker and more economical than asexual propagation.
Tissue culture is one of the most expensive forms of vegetative propagation since it requires a sterile and closely controlled growing environment. An advantage of tissue culture is that it can produce large numbers of plants clones using very little material from the parent plant.
The most common materials used in plant propagation include potting medium, sand, peat, perlite, and vermiculite. Clean construction-grade sand can be used with equal amounts of peat moss for rooting cuttings. Vermiculite is a white-colored material that is used for plant rooting.
Vegetative propagation is an asexual mode of reproduction that is fastest and primitive(old). This type of reproduction is cheap and easy to induce.
Cuttings are the most common and easiest method of propagation. A part of a plant is simply cut off the parent plant and rooted. The rooted plant part then regrows and develops into an entirely new plant. Taking cuttings is easier than growing from seed and cuttings flower and mature faster than seed propagation.
In the case of prosecuting patent infringement, proper identification of the new plant with the cultivar name and patent number presumes such knowledge. Propagation of a patented plant for any purpose without permission from the patent owner is illegal and an infringement of the plant patent owner's rights.
Cuttings. Cuttings can be made using a leaf or stem. This method is the most common and considered the easiest way to propagate plant material.
Asexual propagation, as mentioned earlier, is the best way to maintain some species, particularly an individual that best represents that species. Clones are groups of plants that are identical to their one parent and that can only be propagated asexually.
Marcotting - also known as air layering - is the process where the branch of a carefully selected successful 'mother' tree grows an independent root system whilst still attached to the tree. It is a process that essentially produces a clone of the 'mother' tree so it will therefore have the same qualities.
Garlic, daffodils, tulips, onions, and radishes are examples of plants that grow from bulbs. Potatoes, yams, and sweet potatoes grow from tubers, which store energy for the plant to grow. These are all forms of asexual reproduction for the plant, but these plants also make seeds/flowers for sexual reproduction.
Warm growing medium temperatures accelerate cell division which leads to faster callusing, root initial development and subsequent root growth. It also speeds up the dry-down rate of the growing medium, which also helps encourage better rooting. The best way to warm the growing medium is through bottom heat.
Vegetative propagated plants are short lived, small compared to seed propagated plants. No new varieties can be produced. Skilled persons are required and often expensive compared to seed propagation. More susceptible to diseases as the entire plant may get affected as there is no genetic variation.
And yes, there are also other ways to propagate, but water propagation is the simplest way to start if you're new to propagating plants, or simply want to speed up the process, as cuttings root faster in water vs soil, plus you can easily see what's going on each step of the way.
Growing a garden has the potential to reduce the amount of money spent on groceries. But this “potential” depends on the costs involved in growing the crops, types and amounts of vegetables grown, yields that are derived from the garden, and other factors.
The main disadvantage is the potential to impact on biodiversity of a species. Also, if a particular plant clone is susceptible to certain diseases, there is potential to lose entire crops, such as the impact of kiwifruit disease Psa.
Seedless plants can be grown through vegetative reproduction through cutting and grafting methods; hence, there is a higher probability of plant development. It is a cheaper, easier, and more rapid method of plant propagation.
Vegetative asexual reproduction (or more appropriately, propagation) occurs via tubers, stem cuttings, runners, bulbs, and so on. Examples include sugarcane (stem cuttings), potato (tubers), fruit and nut trees (stem grafts), alfalfa (stem cuttings), and bermudagrass (stolons).