2024 EPA Rules For HFC Refrigerant Management and Technology Transitions: The EPA's Technology Transitions Rule aims to decrease global warming potential (GWP) of refrigerants used in air conditioning and refrigeration gear. The ability to install R-410a systems is coming to an end on January 1, 2025.
Efficiency ratings are regional, so the new HVAC regulations for 2024 depend on where you live. New air conditioners in Northern regions must have a minimum SEER rating of 14. In Southern regions, the minimum SEER rating is 15 for most units.
Increased Adoption of Heat Pumps
The HVAC industry is adopting more heat pumps because of their energy efficiency and eco-friendliness. The devices, which transfer heat to warm or cool spaces, are less energy-intensive than traditional systems and offer year-round climate control.
The New Regulations
Starting January 1, 2025, all new residential air conditioners and heat pumps must utilize A2L refrigerants. Older refrigerants like R-410, which are likely the refrigerant used by your current system, are being phased out.
R-454B is the new refrigerant in 2024. By 2025, the EPA's required phaseout of R-410A will be in full effect, with production, importation, and distribution no longer allowed. HVACR businesses must be evaluating their current choices in coolant and ready to make the jump.
The new refrigerant changes in 2025 are part of a larger effort to make air conditioning systems more environmentally friendly, while still keeping homes comfortable. These changes are being driven by regulations to phase out older refrigerants like R-410A, which have a high global warming potential (GWP).
The air conditioning refrigerant Freon has been banned in the U.S. since January 2020, prompting major changes in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry. You can still use an older air conditioning system that uses Freon, but maintaining and repairing one is growing increasingly expensive.
The government HVAC refrigerant mandate, initiated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and set to take effect on January 1, 2025, will phase out the use of R-410A refrigerant in residential-type HVAC systems, replacing it with R-454B and R-32, depending on the manufacturer.
In short, the 20-degree rule of air conditioning states that you should always keep your AC unit at no more than 20 degrees lower than the outside temperature. It means that, if the outdoor conditions are at 95 degrees, you should set your thermostat at no less than 75 degrees.
Several HVAC manufacturers have officially declared upcoming price hikes for 2024, garnering attention as a new wave of increases takes effect. There is a noticeable industry-wide trend of manufacturers elevating the prices of equipment, parts, and supplies.
AC systems typically have a lifespan of 10 to 15 years. If your unit is approaching or has surpassed this age range, it might be time to consider a replacement. Older systems tend to be less reliable and more expensive to operate.
What Does the Mandate Call For? Overall, the 2025 HVAC Mandate calls for the phase-out of a refrigerant that is commonly used in today's air conditioners. This refrigerant, known as R-410A, was previously released as a more eco-friendly alternative to previous refrigerants.
2024 models are integrating air purification technologies to improve indoor air quality, including: UV-C Light Systems: Kill bacteria and viruses within the unit. Electrostatic Filters: Capture microscopic particles like allergens and dust. HEPA Filters: Remove up to 99.97% of airborne contaminants.
Ducted AC Split Systems (or Mixed Ducted and Non-Ducted)
Individuals who purchase and place into service qualifying equipment between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024 may qualify for a non-refundable tax credit of up to $600 per system, subject to an annual limit of $1200 per taxpayer.
This move technically went into effect on January 1st, 2023, so it's already been a year. Under the DOE rules, US HVAC manufactures will discontinue production of SEER 14 units, and they can no longer sell any units with that rating, either.
There are many different kinds of heating and cooling systems you can use in your house. Central Air Conditioners. Since January 2006, all residential air conditioners sold in the United States must have a SEER of at least 13. ENERGY STAR qualified central air conditioners must have a SEER of at least 14.
Minimum SEER Ratings for 2024
Packaged AC: 15.2 SEER2 and 11.5 EER2. Ducted split heat pump: 15.2 SEER2, 7.8 HSPF2, and 11.7 EER2. Packaged heat pump: 15.2 SEER2, 7.2 HSPF2, and 10.6 EER2. Mini-split system: 16 SEER2, 9 HSPF2, and 12 EER2.
These approved changes, which go into effect with the 2024 IBC, IFC and IMC, permit the use of A2L refrigerants for human comfort uses, consistent with industry standards, and will help to facilitate the phasedown of HFCs following EPA rules.
The installation of systems using a regulated substance with a global warming potential of 700 or greater in specified sectors is allowed until January 1, 2026, provided that all system components are manufactured or imported before January 1, 2025.
Starting in 2025, the HVAC industry will shift toward using refrigerants with a lower GWP. Among the most discussed replacements are R-32 and R-454B. These refrigerants perform similarly to traditional refrigerants like R-410A but with a significantly lower environmental impact.
According to HomeGuide.com, the average cost to replace the HVAC units is $5,000 to $11,000; to replace the units with ductwork runs between $7,000 and $16,000 in total.
SEER ratings for AC units and heat pumps have increased from 13 to 14 in northern states and 14 to 15 SEER in the South and Southwest regions of the country. In terms of heating efficiency, air-source heat pumps have increased from 8.2 to 8.8 HSPF (heating seasonal performance factor).
As Freon was phased out, new HVAC systems began using a refrigerant known as Puron® or R-410A, an HFC. More efficient and less harmful to the environment, R-410A has been in use since its introduction in 1996 and is found in most of today's modern HVAC systems.
Can I still get R-22 refrigerant? R-22 is no longer produced or imported into the United States, but it still exists inside some older HVAC units.
R22 (also known as HCFC-22) is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) once widely used as a refrigerant. If your home or office AC is over 10 years old, it's probably using R22 freon. However, R22 Freon is banned in the U.S. today.