If food is completely thawed, warmed to room temperature or left out of the refrigerator for more than 2 hours, throw the food out for safety's sake. These principles apply to meat, poultry, shellfish, some vegetables and cooked foods. Do not refreeze ice cream and similar frozen desserts.
Defrosting Food
You should defrost your food in the fridge so that it doesn't get too warm, see our Danger Zone info below for why this is important. It's also important to use food within 24 hours after it's been fully defrosted – it will go bad in the same way as if it were fresh.
It's generally not safe to eat food that has been left out at room temperature for more than two hours. Bacteria can multiply quickly in the ``danger zone,'' which is between 40°F (4°C) and 140°F (60°C).
As a result, the USDA recommends that perishable foods – including raw meat – never be left out at room temperature for more than two hours. So, keeping meat in various stages of the defrosting process out all day can leave you with a bacteria-riddled dinner.
While foods are in the process of thawing in the refrigerator (40 °F or less), they remain safe. After thawing, use ground meats, poultry, and fish within one or two additional days, and use beef, pork, lamb or veal (roasts, steaks, or chops) within three to five days.
Once you have defrosted your freezer and switched back on the power, you can store frozen foods straight away. It is only in the case of new freezers that you must wait a number of hours before storing frozen foods (you should consult your manufacturer's handbook for more information).
Do not refreeze any foods left outside the refrigerator longer than 2 hours; 1 hour in temperatures above 90 °F. If you purchase previously frozen meat, poultry or fish at a retail store, you can refreeze if it has been handled properly.
However, as soon as they begin to thaw and become warmer than 40 °F, bacteria that may have been present before freezing can begin to multiply. Perishable foods should never be thawed on the counter, or in hot water and must not be left at room temperature for more than two hours.
Myth: Washing or rinsing raw chicken or turkey before cooking removes harmful bacteria. Fact: Thoroughly cooking chicken and turkey to 165°F is the best way to kill harmful bacteria such as Campylobacter and Salmonella.
And according to the USDA, two hours is the maximum time perishable food can be left out at room temperature before it is vulnerable to harmful bacteria. These advisories aren't just for show, any perishable food left out longer than two hours is a great recipe for food poisoning.
Food held between 5oC and 60oC for less than 2 hours can be used, sold or put back in the refrigerator to use later. Food held between 5oC and 60oC for 2-4 hours can still be used or sold, but can't be put back in the fridge. Food held between 5oC and 60oC for 4 hours or more must be thrown away.
Staphylococcus aureus
aureus is allowed to grow in foods, it can produce a toxin that causes illness. Although cooking destroys the bacteria, the toxin produced is heat stable and may not be destroyed.
TWO HOURS is the MAXIMUM time perishable foods should be at room temperature (ONE HOUR at temperatures 90 degrees F and higher). This INCLUDES the time they're on the table during your meal.
When is it safe to refreeze food? You can safely refreeze frozen food that has thawed—raw or cooked, although there may be a loss of quality due to the moisture lost through thawing. To safely refreeze, the thawed product must have been kept cold at 40 degrees or below for no more than 3-4 days.
According to the Food and Drug Administration, it's safe to move even piping-hot food directly to the fridge at that point (within two hours maximum, or one hour when the ambient temperature is above 90 degrees Fahrenheit), as long as there's room for cold air to circulate around the food.
A full freezer will hold a safe temperature for approximately 48 hours (24 hours if it is half full and the door remains closed). Food may be safely refrozen if it still contains ice crystals or is at 40°F (4°C) or below, however, its quality may suffer. Never taste food to determine its safety.
When it comes to eating food you've left out overnight (for more than 2 hours), there's no way around it—that food is simply NOT safe to eat. So, please pay heed to these key points on why you should NEVER eat it: Hot foods must be kept hot and cold foods must be kept cold.
The most common symptoms of food poisoning include diarrhea, stomach pain or cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Signs of severe food poisoning include bloody diarrhea, diarrhea that lasts more than 3 days, fever over 102°F, vomiting so often that you cannot keep liquids down, and signs of dehydration.
The food items are to be cooked to proper temperatures for food safety and service. In a cooler or refrigerator: Frozen food items can also be thawed safely with the use of coolers or refrigerators set at a temperature of 41°F or below.
Never leave seafood or other perishable food out of the refrigerator for more than 2 hours or for more than 1 hour if exposed to temperatures above 90°F (32°C). Bacteria that can cause illness grow quickly at temperatures between 40°F (4°C) and 140°F (60°C).
Never keep meat at room temperature for more than two hours. Once you've thawed frozen meat, you can't refreeze it unless it's in a stock, soup or liquid. If you have frozen meat you want to cook today, there is a faster way to thaw: the "cold water" method. Keep the chopped or ground meat wrapped tight.
After thawing your products in the refrigerator, items such as ground meat, stew meat, poultry, seafood typically remain safe and good quality for an additional day or two before cooking. Red meat cuts (such as beef, pork or lamb roasts, chops and steaks) are typically safe for up 3 to 5 days.
Two hours is the limit for keeping food safe outside the refrigerator or freezer; one hour if the outside temperature is 90 °F ( 32.2 °C) or above. Frozen food can thaw if it is exposed to the sun's rays even when the temperature is very cold.
The best plan is to put leftovers in the refrigerator right after your meal. Food that is sitting out for a party or picnic should be chilled after two hours at typical room temperature. If it's above 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius) or more, food should not sit out for more than one hour.
With your freezer set at the optimal temperature of 0°F, frozen food can be stored indefinitely.