Insert a trowel into the soil, then tilt the trowel to check the moisture of garden plants. You can also insert a wooden dowel into the soil to determine the depth of soil moisture. If the dowel comes out clean, the soil is dry. Damp soil will cling to the dowel.
SOIL TEXTURAL CLASSES. Dry: Loose, single grained; gritty; no or very weak clods. Moist: Gritty; forms easily crumbled ball; does not ribbon. Wet: Lacks stickiness, but may show faint clay staining (loamy sand especially).
The finger test
To check a houseplant for watering readiness, stick your forefinger into the soil up to your first knuckle. If the soil is dry in the first inch to inch-and-half, water. The finger test is best used for plants in medium-sized pots. Sticking your finger into a small pot can disturb the small root system.
Stick your finger 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) into the soil. If the soil feels dry or if it falls off of your finger when you remove it, the soil may be dry. If the soil feels moist or if the soil sticks to your finger, the soil may be moist. Identify dry soil by its light-colored, compacted appearance.
Too much water can be just as damaging to plants as too little water. Before watering, check your garden's soil moisture with your finger. Push it into the ground around your plants. You want the top 2 or 3 inches of the soil to be dry, and the soil below that to be moist.
“If soil is left too wet for too long, it can cause root rot,” Marino says. “That's what we call over watering. On the other hand, if your plant's soil is consistently too dry you're likely under watering. Letting your soil dry out before watering is key for plants to receive the perfect balance of water and oxygen.”
You can improve the water retention properties of your soil by adding vermiculite, sphagnum (peat) moss, and/or coconut coir. When you make the soil retain more moisture, you'll also need to improve the drainage to prevent any watering issues. You can improve the drainage by adding perlite, Leca, and sand to your soil.
Add Organics Matter: Adding organic matter such as compost or manure to your soil helps increase its ability to hold water, improve air circulation and prevent nutrients from leaching away when watered too frequently. This also helps balance out clay or sandy soils that are prone to being overly dry or wet quickly.
The soil in your garden should take about a week to dry out after normal watering. If the soil is still wet for more than a week, without outside contributing factors like rain or flooding, there might be a waterlogging or drainage problem.
Having a dry soil is something you want to avoid as this can result in withered or dead plants. When the dry season arrives, soil that lacks organic ingredients will quickly become dehydrated and will actually repel water instead of absorbing it.
Set the pot in a shallow container of water, allowing the soil to absorb the water slowly. It may take an hour or more to thoroughly re-wet the soil. Be careful not to leave pots soaking in standing water for more than a couple of hours.
Dry soil can be easily improved by adding organic matter, such as well-rotted manure or garden compost. This will improve the soil structure and will help to retain moisture.
If your potting soil has been sitting in your shed since last year in an opened bag and it's gotten wet, toss it. If it somehow stayed bone dry, it should be OK to use.
Use compost. Whether you make it at home or use a service, compost is a great way to add life back to your soil. As a bonus, it also prevents green waste from going to a landfill, which reduces your waste footprint and prevents the generation of harmful methane gas.
A layer of organic mulch helps the soil retain water so it can stay moist. Apply a 2-4 inch (5 – 10 cm) layer of organic mulch, like straw, compost, or leaves, on top of the garden soil to reduce evaporation.
If you're watering your plant every week but the soil still is dry and feels rock solid, you likely have hydrophobic soil. You might notice the water glide over the surface of the dirt, down the side of the pot and out the drainage hole. Sometimes this can indicate your plant needs repotting.
No plant wants to be stuck into bone-dry earth.
That's because plant roots need moisture. Not only do they need water to run their physical systems, but moist soil also enables them to root into the ground well.
A combination of sand, silt, and clay particles, this soil absorbs water readily and is able to store it for use by plants. Loam absorbs water at a rate between 1/4 and 2 inches per hour. Sandy Soil, because it has very large spaces, absorbs water at a rate of more than 2 inches per hour.
This water stress can affect soil chemical, physical, and biological activities that are essential for plant and soil health. One of the obvious effects of drought on soil health is the lack of nutrient uptake by crops, as water is the major medium for moving nutrients into plants as a result of water uptake.
The best way to tell if your plants need water is to stick your finger about an inch into the potting mix—if it feels dry, break out the watering can.
Where soils are well draining or under dry conditions, iron forms red oxides imparting a red colour to the soil. Yet in waterlogged soil, with a lack of air, iron forms in a reduced state giving the soil grey/green/bluish-grey colours. Water – soil colour darkens as the soil changes from dry to moist.