One method is to use toenails. The other method is to use readily available connectors that are made specifically for this purpose. If toenails are to be used, the resistance to withdrawal for the number and size of toenails to be used must exceed the uplift on the truss design drawings.
There are two commonly used methods of roof-to-wall connections. Wraps: These are steel straps that are installed over the tops of trusses and anchored to wall along the side of the truss. Clips: These are steel straps that are attached to the sides, rather than the tops, of the trusses.
In older houses with masonry walls it is common to find a 2x8 lumber plate that is bolted or strapped flat like a plate to the top of the masonry wall. The trusses or rafters are then connected to this plate. In older homes the connection may be made using 2 or 6 16d nails in a toe nail configuration.
In most situations, the trusses/joists bear on the double 2x top plates of the wall assembly below. The most direct load path would be to always align a stud (or studs if necessary) directly below each truss/joist.
The truss will be anchored with nails, powder driven fasteners, or masonry anchors.
Trussed rafter roofs and traditional cut roofs should be supported on timber wall plates. Trussed rafters should only be supported at the junction between the ceiling tie and rafter, unless specifically designed otherwise, eg as a cantilever.
Trusses usually occur at regular intervals, linked by longitudinal timbers such as purlins. The space between each truss is known as a bay. Two king post trusses linked to support a roof. Key:1: ridge beam, 2: purlins, 3: common rafters.
Where the distance from the top of the braced wall panel to the top of the rafters or roof trusses above is between 91/4 inches (235 mm) and 151/4 inches (387 mm), blocking between rafters or roof trusses shall be provided above the braced wall panel in accordance with Figure R602.
In many cases, builders can connect a truss using two or three nails. However, counties with good building codes, as well as contractors who take pride in making quality homes, use hurricane ties or a similar product to make the connection more secure. This is when a 6” TimberLOK screw can help.
Trusses can have intermediate support, especially if one side is vaulted. If so, load goes into the wall, then through the floor joists to the lower floor walls and foundations.
Two popular sealants for this kind of project are caulk and expanding spray foam. Both will help close the gap between your roof and wall and insulate your home.
If it's a small shed I would sheath all the walls first, if it's large you can sheath the corners first with full sheets. After it's sheathed, get the roof trusses/rafter assemblies up and secured, then the roof sheathing, then the felt. At this point you'll be in good shape to handle a few weeks of occasional rain.
Truss members are connected to each other rigidly, by welding or joining the ends with a gusset plate. This makes the connecting joints rigid but also makes the truss difficult to analyze.
Roof truss installation can be one of the most dangerous parts of the home building process. Collapses from improperly braced trusses can result in disaster. Despite this, many builders are either unaware or simply overlook the need to adequately brace the roof structure during construction.
Roofers use hurricane ties to reinforce the connection between the roof truss and the wall plate. Typically, hurricane ties are stainless steel or galvanized steel, as both are strong and will not rust. In the past, roofers connected the wall and roof truss with 10d or 16d toenails.
Trusses shall be connected to wall plates by the use of approved connectors having a resistance to uplift of not less than 175 pounds (779 N) and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
Nail fix two timber braces from the horizontal timber on the table lift to the timber length screwed to the truss face. Use two nails per brace as shown. Individually nail fix the trusses within the truss pack using a short length of bracing. This will allow the trusses to be released individually when required.
When storing the trusses horizontally, blocking needs to be used on eight to ten foot centers, or as required, to minimize lateral bending and moisture gain. As far as how long trusses can be exposed to the elements, a ballpark number is about a month.
One method is to use toenails. The other method is to use readily available connectors that are made specifically for this purpose. If toenails are to be used, the resistance to withdrawal for the number and size of toenails to be used must exceed the uplift on the truss design drawings.
Bracing ensures that trussed rafters maintain a rigid, secure and stable roof structure.
Truss plates are light gauge metal plates used to connect prefabricated light frame wood trusses. They are produced by punching light gauge galvanized steel to create teeth on one side.
Unlike rafters, trusses transfer all their load to the outer bearing points, so they don't need support from interior room partition walls. This design efficiency offers more flexibility in interior layout and potentially reduced costs.
Installation challenges: Roof trusses can be difficult to install in areas with limited access or where there are obstacles that prevent them from being installed in one piece. Less repairability: Roof trusses are difficult to repair if they become damaged. They may need to be replaced entirely, which can be expensive.
A headwall is a level junction where a roof meets a wall. This illustration shows proper flashing at a headwall condition. Headwall flashing should extend up behind the exterior wall covering and down over the roof-covering material, as you see here.