Do you put gravel or dirt behind a retaining wall?

Author: Prof. Solon Goldner IV  |  Last update: Saturday, March 7, 2026

Backfill the Wall Once you've laid all the courses of blocks, you can fill in the area behind the wall. Backfill the wall with gravel or sand. If you use sand, first cover the backside of the retaining wall with landscape fabric. This will keep the sand from seeping between the blocks.

Should I put gravel behind a retaining wall?

Yes. A base layer of gravel does more than just act as a flat spot for the block, it helps keep them from shifting and drains water as well.

What is the best material to fill behind a retaining wall?

While some walls only need soil, compacted gravel backfill is the go-to for applications requiring durability and drainage. ✨ Why gravel backfill works: ✔️ Adds structure and stability. ✔️ Prevents water buildup with proper drainage. ✔️ Improves the longevity of your retaining wall. #RetainingWall #RetainingWallBlock.

What should you put behind a retaining wall?

When building a retaining wall, the normal build practice is to use 3/4 inch drain rock behind the wall, in order to facilitate drainage down the hill that you are holding back with the wall. If you want to use a retaining wall just as a decoration on a raised bed that is two feet by 30 feet long,...

What are the 7 common mistakes made when installing retaining wall blocks?

7 Common Mistakes To Avoid When Installing a Retaining Wall
  • Choosing the Wrong Material. ...
  • Not Providing Adequate Drainage. ...
  • Forgetting the Frost Line. ...
  • Too Much Weight Behind the Wall. ...
  • Inadequate Footing. ...
  • DIYing a Complicated Wall. ...
  • Not Maintaining Your Wall.

Backfill a Retaining wall

What is the thumb rule of retaining wall construction?

Rules of thumb commonly used by designers to establish the geometry of the wall include (refer to diagram): Base width = 1/2 to 1/3 of the height of the wall. Base thickness = 1/8 of the height of the wall but not less than 12 inches. Stem thickness = 6 inches + ¼ inch for each foot of wall height.

What is the most common retaining wall failure?

Soil saturation is the most common external factor that causes retaining wall failure, but there are many ways to prevent it.

What is the best gravel for a retaining wall base?

The base material should only consist of angular, sharp-edged particles such as ¾-inch minus gravel. The various-sized crushed gravel with the fines helps ensure the right amount of compaction. Round rocks, such as pea gravel, roll and dislodge under pressure resulting in failure of the retaining wall.

What happens if you don't backfill a retaining wall?

Don't Forget To Backfill Behind Your Retaining Wall

Neglecting to backfill properly can lead to reduced support, increased pressure on the wall, and the possible collapse of the wall.

How much gravel backfill behind retaining wall?

A retaining wall should have AT LEAST 12" (30 cm) of gravel (or other similar material; see text for more info) behind its entire length and height. Should be equal to or slightly larger than wall length.

What is the cheapest way to fill a retaining wall?

A concrete block retaining wall is one of the most common versions because it is simple and relatively inexpensive to build. Because concrete blocks are available in various sizes as well, they are a versatile option, especially when filled with concrete and/or rebar.

Should you put black plastic behind a retaining wall?

One major thing to avoid when building your retaining wall is lining the back of your wall with plastic sheeting as this will surely result in the pooling of water behind the wall.

What is the best fill behind a retaining wall?

In order to provide proper drainage, at least 12 inches of granular backfill (gravel or a similar aggregate) should be installed directly behind the wall. Compacted native soil can be used to backfill the rest of the space behind the wall.

What size drainage gravel behind retaining wall?

We recommend a 10-20mm clean, free drainage aggregate such as river stones or coarse crushed rock. It is imperative that the material is free from any soil, sand or other fines to ensure that water can flow freely through the drainage area and away from the back of the wall.

Can you build a retaining wall on fill dirt?

Dig A Trench To Outline The Space

Ensure the trench is wide enough to support both the retaining walls as well as any plants or flowers that will be added. Keep in mind that the fill dirt will act as a base for the entire feature, meaning any wall layers and plants should have a layer of fill dirt underneath it.

What do you put behind retaining walls?

Behind any retaining wall should be a thick layer of dry drainage material that separates the wall from soil. Backfill can be made with gravel, stones or crushed rock, also referred to as aggregate.

Does a 2 foot retaining wall need drainage?

Absolutely! Even a 2-foot retaining wall needs an effective drainage system. Without it, water can build up behind the wall, leading to pressure that might cause the wall to lean or even collapse. All walls need systems to manage water effectively, preventing damage over time.

How do you compact dirt without a compactor?

To compact the soil around a structure, lay out soaker hose 1 to 1-1/2 feet from building walls. For the best performance, limit water pressure to 25 psi. You may need to install a pressure limiter on your faucet. Water the ground for 10 to 15 minutes two to three times per day.

How to keep dirt from coming through a retaining wall?

Choosing the right backfill material behind the retaining wall is crucial in preventing soil erosion. It is recommended to use granular, well-draining materials such as crushed stone or gravel for backfill, rather than fine-textured soils.

How deep should gravel be for retaining wall?

Retaining Wall Installation
  1. Excavate a trench about 12″ deep by 24″ wide for the length of the wall. ...
  2. Fill trench with 1 1/2″ processed gravel or 3/4″ crusher run base material and firmly compact in 2-3″ layers until base is 6″ thick.
  3. Place and level the first course of wall units on the base.

Can I use 57 gravel for retaining wall base?

Step 2: Prepare the base of the wall. Add a base of gravel. We recommend #57 Gravel, at about 1–3-inch thickness and then tamp it down with a tamper to make sure the base is level.

How long to leave a retaining wall before backfilling?

Sometimes retaining walls are designed as cantilevers. These typically include reinforcement and rely on the combined strength of the concrete and reinforcement to resist bending at the base of the wall. In that case, plan on waiting seven days before placing the full depth of backfill.

What is the negative side of a retaining wall?

Disadvantages of Retaining Walls

One significant disadvantage is that they can be expensive to build. Retaining walls require careful planning and engineering to ensure they are strong enough to hold back the soil. Another disadvantage of retaining walls is that they can be difficult to maintain.

What is the lifespan of a retaining wall?

Discover how the right retaining wall can reduce soil erosion, improve water drainage, and transform your property. Depending on the material, soil, and groundwater, a permanent retaining wall can last anywhere from 25 to 100 years.

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